PARATHYROID GLAND

Two pairs of parathyroid glands are present on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland One pair of parathyroid glands is located on each lateral Jobe of the thyroid gland. The parathyroid gland is oval in shape. It secretes a hormone called parathormone (party. roid hormone). 

Functions of parathormone 

i. This hormone controls the exchange of calcium between the blood and bones. 

ii. This hormone increases the level of calcium in the blood. 

Notes: If parathyroid glands are removed from the body, wrinkles are seen on the hands and face due to the lack of calcium in the blood. 

iii. Undersecretion of the parathormone hormone causes painful jerk of the voluntary muscles.

iv. Oversecretion of the parathormone hormone results in the softening of the iii. bones that could be fractured easily. 

v. It may also cause parathyroid tumors and kidney stones. 


Adrenal gland 

In the human body, two adrenal glands are located, one of the tops of each kidney in the form of a crown. 

It is a cream-colored gland. The adrenal gland secretes adrenalin hormone at the time of emergency, which prepares the body to meet or cope with any emergency situation for flight, fright or fight. So adrenalin is called an emergency hormone, and the adrenal gland is called an emergency gland. 


The function of adrenalin 

i. Adrenalin hormone controls fear, anger, blood pressure, emotions, heartbeat, respiration, and relaxation of the voluntary muscles.

Fact-3 Adrenalin is called an emergency hormone, why? 

Ans: Adrenalin hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland at the time of an emergency. Which prepares the body to face any emergency situation for flight, fright or fight. So adrenalin is called an emergency hormone 


Fact-4 Some adult women may develop facial hair. Give reason. 

Ans: Some adult women may develop facial hair due to the overgrowth of the adrenal cortex. When adrenal glands are removed from the body then: Body will not be able to face emergency conditions (stress and strain). 

i. Secondary sexual characteristics will be poorly developed in males. The body will not be able to regulate carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Kidneys will fail to retain sodium, etc. 

ii. Hyposecretion of adrenalin hormones results in weakness, low blood pressure, less. 

iii. sugar content in blood, nausea, unconsciousness, etc. 

iv. Feminine characteristics like enlargement of the breasts develop in adult males when the adrenal cortex increases. Similarly, masculine characteristics like a hoarse sound, development of a beard, etc. develop in adult females when the adrenal cortex increases.